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The emerging of very low earth orbit mega-constellations for satellite networking opens up a new area for next generation of the wireless communications, by deploying the low orbit satellites, the ground-satellite link latency is drastically reduced, by densify the mega-constellations, the network capacity is increased, the optimization of network architecture can deliver the services using the satellite networks as an alternative to the terrestrial cellular networks. In addition, to realize the full earth coverage, such a very-low-earth-orbit-mega-constellation (VLEOMC) for satellite network can enable a host of new service capabilities. In this talk, we present the design and evaluation of the satellite to terrestrial and inter-satellite communications, and we also compare the performance with cellular networks and troposphere networking.
Digital Twins are already widely used in Manufacturing industry and they are starting to be used in several other areas, including healthcare, constructions, infrastructure operation, smart cities ? A few are also starting to consider them to mirror people, Human Digital Twins, and the European Commission has launched a group to look into the personal ownership of human digital twins (Personal Digital Twins). Furthermore, IEEE Digital Reality Initiative has been looking into the possibility of modelling knowledge through a Cognitive Digital Twin, As Digital Twins expand in characteristics and in their application they are also requiring more and more communication support. At the same time they may be used to support the operation of a telecommunication network. Researchers looking into 6G design are considering the use of Digital Twins as one of the building blocks.
The talk will present the present status of use and research and provides some food for thought for people working in the telecommunication areas.
ISAC has been now widely recognized as one of most important 6G key enabler. With integrated sensing capability, 6G will be no longer just a platform that connects everything. It will be an intelligent platform that offers both integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) and integrated computing and communications. This platform will provide intelligent services and applications for industries to create greater social value. Bit transmission is not the only function of the 6G network. The physical world will be reconstructed and represented by using the propagation properties of radio waves such as reflection, scattering, refraction, and multipath. The 6G network will serve as a sensing network and 6G terminals will serve as sensing terminals. With network sensing and terminal sensing working in tandem, we can model the physical world covered by the entire network based on 6G. The sensing data extracted from the 6G network will not just be used for modeling the physical world, it will also serve as a big data source and entry for AI learning. Network sensing will enable a new usage scenario beyond communications, covering a series of use cases, including device-based or device-free target positioning, imaging, environment reconstruction and monitoring, and gesture and action recognition. Such use cases will be widely applied to industries, including human-machine coordination, environment reconstruction for smart cities, climate sensing, healthcare, and security detection.
The scope of this panel is twofold; firstly, to provide an overview of globally identified 6G candidate technology areas and secondly; to suggest a roadmap for leveraging public-private partnership research testbeds to influence the 6G vision and accelerate the full lifecycle of research and development, manufacturing, standardization, and market readiness for 6G. The panel will detail the technology areas, some of which are being discussed in 5G whereas others represent fundamental departures from the concepts and architectures of 5G, spanning the domains of: · Component technologies · Radio technologies · System and network architecture · Native and Cross Domain AI · Trustworthiness - Security, Reliability, Privacy, and Resilience.
Security issues in Internet communication tend not to be subtle mathematical flaws in the cryptography, but instead, broader system issues. For example, humans using the Internet. We have lovely cryptography. We have certificates. We have great protocols for doing authentication. But does that really assure a human that they are talking to what they think they are talking to? What about authenticating people? What kinds of names should people have, so that the name is unique, and someone that wants to talk to a human will know what name to use? What about distributed systems that are provably correct, provided that all the components are doing what they are supposed to be doing, but do not work correctly if some components misbehave? How can we design systems that will be robust despite misbehaving participants? Will digital signatures on data assure us that data that we read on the Internet is true? Is the simple answer to everything that we should blame users if things go wrong, and just complain that users need more training? (hint…no) Or maybe using blockchain everywhere will make everything secure? (hint…no)
The additive nature of today’s technology megatrends including 5G, AI, IOT, Edge Computing and the Cloud is fueling the need for computing and communications to converge into one intelligent, resilient and distributed networking fabric. In order to deliver broad economic and societal benefits, the industry continues to commercialize and evolve 5G - addressing the technical and use case needs of consumer, enterprise and industry verticals. Asha Keddy, Intel Corporate VP and GM of Next Generation & Standards, will present the latest 5G achievements; illuminate the continuing work to evolve 5G; and speak to the opportunities for industry to further explore the potential of 5G. Ms. Keddy will also speak to the fundamental importance of integrating computing and communications for wireless networks and share her thoughts on what comes beyond 5G - highlighting early candidate technology development areas as well as the industry, academic and government collaborations that are already underway.
5G will provide significant societal value as it is used for critical infrastructure, mission critical applications, smart manufacturing, connected car, and other use cases. As a result of this new usage, our risk tolerance must be decreased because of the increased impact of cyberattacks on the 5G network. This requires a risk-based approach to securing Radio Access Networks (RAN) as it evolves to Open RAN that is virtualized, disaggregated, cloud-native, automated, and intelligent. Along with new secure use cases, there is an emerging requirement for Open RAN which can be implemented using the approaches of virtual RAN, Cloud RAN, and O-RAN. These new technologies in the wireless cellular space bring inherent security benefits while also introducing new security risks. This presentation will address the Open RAN approaches and the security risks for each. Open RAN security topics that will be discussed include 3GPP 5G security, cloud security, security-by-design, and secure use of open source software. ORAN’s expanded threat surface, with additional interfaces and functions, introduces additional security risks that will also be discussed. The presentation will also introduce concepts to achieve a zero-trust architecture for Open RAN that can be implemented in Cloud RAN and O-RAN. The multi-party relationship between the operator, cloud provider, and system integrator requires security roles and responsibilities are clearly defined in this presentation.
The use of MIMO and Massive MIMO is considered one the most disruptive and effective technologies introduced in recent years. For beyond 5G networks, the use of cell-free MIMO is being considered, which essentially means distributing the access points (AP) and doing the processing either locally or centrally. While many studies have considered spectral efficiency gains of various central or local processing methods, few publications consider the impact of the 5G architecture, and the NG-RAN, on the cell-free networking opportunities and challenges. The O-RAN alliance, initiated by some large operators and players in the telecom domain, aims to transform the radio access networks towards truly virtualized, distributed, and most importantly open systems. In an ideal world, multiple distributed O-RAN entities cooperate seamlessly to bring the best possible connectivity to each UE, cooperating through the O-RAN APIs. The key challenge that remains is how to merge cell-free networking, and distributed processing, with those existing network architectures. To exploit those distributed O-RAN entities optimally, and meet diverse requirements of future communication systems, beyond 5G intelligent networks will provide enhanced flexibility through the dynamic scheduling of the available resources. Given the densification of networks, and the introduction of cell-free architectures, the availability of radio access resources is unseen, and is only limited by the potential of the resource allocation methods. A major challenge is how to achieve this within standard and open architectures, such as for instance the O-RAN ALLIANCE. We will give a brief overview of the main academic trends in cell-free communication and radio resource management. We then describe how they will be mapped to NG-RAN and O-RAN terminology and architectures, giving a clear insight in the remaining challenges and innovation needs.
How to efficiently utilize the physically limited resource of spectrum has become a critical problem to solve in the 21st Century as wireless communications continues to grow exponentially, with wireless technology moving from 4G to 5G and the advent of the Internet of Things. In the US, the Federal Government is the largest single user of midband spectrum, so no serious solutions could be developed without full engagement with the FCC, DoD and NTIA. In-depth academic and industry discussions began with the Obama administration’s President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, culminating in a report issued on July 20, 2012: Realizing the Full Potential of Government-Held Spectrum to Spur Economic Growth. The report concluded that the traditional practice of clearing and reallocating portions of the spectrum used by Federal agencies was not a sustainable model for spectrum policy, recommending that the best way to increase capacity was to leverage new technologies that enable large blocks of spectrum to be shared. In 2015 this led to the FCC adopting new rules for sharing spectrum in the 3.5 GHz band, naming the band Citizens Broadband Radio Service. Professor Reed was on the ground floor of turning the academic concept into an industry reality with the founding of Federated Wireless, laying the groundwork for developing one of the first Spectrum Access Systems that dynamically shares spectrum in real-time. Kurt Schaubach picked up the reigns at Federated Wireless, shepherding the product through the FCC/NTIA certification process and commercially launching the service in September 2019. Professor Reed and Mr. Schaubach will talk about this history and the lessons learned from government, academia and industry working together to solve an issue that goes beyond technology alone. Mr. Schaubach will also discuss the commercial success of CBRS and review how it has led to the global exploration of spectrum sharing as a viable and necessary option for efficient spectrum utilization. Both will discuss how the commercial opportunities for spectrum sharing may evolve over time.
As they implement new technologies, regulators around the world work within the limits and procedures referenced in the ITU Radio Regulations (RR), a set of international regulations by all ITU-R member states that govern the use of spectrum by existing and emerging wireless technologies. However, the RR do not encompass every new technological concepts. And, as a result, adapting new technologies and concepts to work within the limits and procedures of outlined in the RR is not always straightforward. The use of active antennas, in which transmitters are integrated with the radiating structure, is one such topic. Over the past couple of years, the ITU-R has been discussing how to apply conducted power limits to 5G transmitters using active antennas. The variance in the interpretations being debated is such that there could be quite a significant adverse impact on the deployment, operation, and performance of 5G stations. This challenge would only grow due to the trend in 5G/6G towards larger active arrays with potentially hundreds of transmitters. It is crucial to consider what these regulatory limits are, both in letter and spirit, how they have been used in the past, what impact the new interpretations could have, and in what ways they can accommodate multi-antenna and other new technologies.
As hordes of data-hungry devices challenge its current capabilities, Wi-Fi strikes again with 802.11be, alias Wi-Fi 7. This brand-new amendment promises a (r)evolution of unlicensed wireless connectivity as we know it, unlocking access to gigabit, reliable and low-latency communications, and reinventing manufacturing and social interaction through digital augmentation. More than that, time-sensitive networking protocols are being put forth with the overarching goal of making wireless the new wired. With its standardization process being consolidated, we will provide an updated digest of 802.11be essential features, place the spotlight on some of the must-haves for critical and delay-sensitive applications, and illustrate their benefits through standard-compliant simulations.
At present the O-RAN architecture provides a promising solution of an open-RAN ecosystem, where based on the defined functional splits (CU, DU, RU) a multi-vendor solution can theoretically be achieved. This so called “wave 1.0” 5G that is capable of utilizing only basic (rough) virtualization as well as introducing essential interfaces to enable open-ecosystem, like: E2 for the control of CU/DU/RU as well as A1, O1, O2 for policy based management, network configuration and monitoring. The existing state-of-the art based on IS-Wireless analysis and experiences (also as O-RAN member) should be upgraded to what we call open-RAN Wave 2.0 in order to allow greater flexibility of functional split as well as improve the capability of addressing the challenges of ultra-dense networks. Flexibility of functional splits is essential to adjust open-RAN based networks to the existing infrastructure capabilities including not only fronthaul but also midhaul interfaces. Fronthaul is understood mainly as splits beyond 6 and especially the 7.2 O-RAN split that requires a certain level of capacity, which may be even quadrupled with the split 7.1. In the midhaul e.g. where the CU-CP with RIC (RAN intelligent controller), CORE, MEC and application servers are located, the infrastructure can also vary in capacity. With highly granularized network functions packaged as VNF/CNF (virtual machines of containers) and also providing multitude of split options it is easier to tailor deployment of open-RAN network to fit into available fronthaul and to optimize cost of hardware and network. Moreover, it is then more convenient to orchestrate such “workloads” (i.e. 5G radio stack functions) across edge-cloud continuum, also including edge micro data centers. In this way, multiple split association types can also be achieved naturally e.g. split per slice, per UE, per bearer. The underlying compute resources can also be utilized more efficiently as particular workloads can be fitted to a variety of acceleration cards (GPU, FPGA, SmartNIC) or computer architectures (x86, ARM). Eventually such fine grained, highly composable (orchestrated) disaggregated open-RAN can be called open-RAN Wave 2.0, as it enables achieving higher capacities for network operators who are aiming to address the challenges of ultra-dense networks. Efficient data-driven resource management (both radio and compute) with the novel paradigms like cell-free (or distributed cell-free massive MIMO) are becoming more straightforward to be implemented with such improved open-RAN architectures.
5G and Mobile Private Networks are enabling the digital transformation of manufacturing and the factories of the future. It is essential that network operators build the 5G right so we deliver all key enablers for Private networks in Industry 4.0. This talk reviews the key characteristics of Mobile Private Networks and present real use cases of how companies are now adopting 5G technology to reduce manual processes and enable highly efficient, connected, and flexible factories of the future.
Spain’s 5G players - government, operators, industry — are investing heavily in pilot projects covering virtually every use case. This session will give an overview and highlights of Spain’s first years of 5G consumer deployment and business use cases. We will provide an inside look at pilot case experimentation, exposing lessons learned and comparing deployment in Spain and in other countries in an effort to identify the key ingredients for 5G’s economical and societal success.