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Massive Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communications (mURLLC), which integrates URLLC with massive access, is emerging as a new and important service class in the next generation (6G) for time-sensitive traffics and has recently received tremendous research attention. However, realizing efficient, delay-bounded, and reliable communications for a massive number of user equipment (UEs) in mURLLC, is extremely challenging as it needs to simultaneously take into account the latency, reliability, and massive access requirements. To support these requirements, the third generation partnership project (3GPP) has introduced enhanced grant-free (GF) transmission in the uplink (UL), with multiple active configured grants (CGs) for URLLC UEs. With multiple CGs (MCG) for UL, UE can choose any of these grants as soon as the data arrives, while with a single CG (SCG), UE needs to wait for the CG period to transmit the packet. In addition, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been proposed to synergize with GF transmission to mitigate the serious transmission delay and network congestion problems. However, in the GF-NOMA scheme, the data is transmitted along with the pilot randomly, which is unknown at the BS and can lead to new research problems. In this talk, Machine Learning (ML) approaches in mURLLC systems will be presented. Promising research directions and possible ML solutions will also be discussed.
Reinforcement learning (RL) is an artificial intelligence approach that enables decision makers to learn and take appropriate actions in a dynamic and unpredictable operating environment. Compared to other artificial intelligence approaches, including supervised and unsupervised learning, RL has a distinguishing aspect in which it learns through interaction with the environment. By receiving rewards (or penalties) from the environment, a decision maker can evaluate the appropriateness of its selected action under a particular environment, and so a teacher or a critic is not required to be present to tell whether an action is appropriate or inappropriate. The fact that RL has outperformed human experts in various computer games, such as the Atari games, has drawn wide interest in exploring and exploiting the application of RL to solve a diverse range of problems and enhance next-generation technologies. This talk covers the fundamental aspects of RL, including the Markov decision process problem, algorithms, state-of-the-art models and algorithms, simulation, and open issues. Ultimately, it guides participants in exploring the use of RL to provide solutions to problems and issues at hand.
Unlike previous generation networks that were mainly designed to meet the requirements of human-type communications, 5G networks enable the collection of data from machines with the total number of devices expected to be about 26 billion in 2026 according to Ericsson Mobility Report. The next step in 6G systems is to enable a new spectrum of control applications based on these data, such as extended reality, remote surgery, autonomous vehicle platoons. The design of communication systems for control applications requires meeting the strict delay and reliability requirements of communication systems and addressing the semantics of the control systems. This can only be achieved by using a heterogeneous network architecture, including terrestrial communication, satellites, UAVs, and underwater communication, and higher frequencies, including mmwave, THz, and optical communications, in addition to sub-6GHz transmission. All together increases the complexity of the networks while requiring their adaptivity to various applications and networks. In the first part of this talk, AI-based communication techniques, technologies, and architectures are introduced by demonstrating the usage of extreme value theory, federated learning, and reinforcement learning. In the second part of the talk, the fundamental paradigm shift from the Shannon paradigm is introduced. While the Shannon paradigm aims to guarantee the correct reception of each single transmitted bit, irrespective of the meaning conveyed by transmitted bits, communication for control applications focuses on guaranteeing the success of the task execution, such as plant stability for automated production lines, and detection accuracy in cooperative vehicle systems. Novel AI based resource allocation techniques for the joint design of control and communication systems are presented.
Neuromorphic computing moves beyond the neuronal abstraction adopted by conventional neural networks by taking inspiration from the dynamic, sparse, event-driven signaling and processing exhibited by biological neurons. This talk will first present an overview of the state of the art in neuromorphic computing by focusing on motivation, models, and on the design of training algorithms. This will be done by distinguishing between deterministic and probabilistic models, and by concentrating on principles and intuition. Then, a novel use case for neuromorphic computing in communications will be outlined, namely neuromorphic joint source-channel coding for remote inference over wireless channels. The talk will also offer discussions on the current limitations of the technology and on open problems.
6G research is on the way, and one element in 6G is ‘new spectrum’ in order to be able to cope with the ever-increasing mobile data traffic. The visible light and infrared spectrum is 2600 times larger than the entire radio frequency spectrum. Visible light communications and LiFi are therefore, target technologies in 6G. Crucially, the optical spectrum already underpins our data backbone through the massive deployment of core and metro networks. Consequently, there are optical devices that are optimized for high-speed communications. Although the step of taking this spectrum into the wireless world seems straightforward and logical, there are a few fundamental challenges that need to be overcome. This course will describe these challenges and will offer solutions based on more than two decades of research in VLC, and even longer research in infrared optical wireless communications. We will go on to provide a general background to the subject of optical wireless communications, followed by a brief summary of the history of visible light communication VLC and wireless infrared (IR) communication. We will discuss the relationship between VLC and LiFi (light fidelity), introducing the major advantages of VLC and LiFi and discuss existing challenges. Recent key advancements in physical layer techniques that led to transmission speeds greater than 100 Gbps will be discussed. Moving on, we introduce channel modelling techniques, and show how this technology can be used to create fully-fledged cellular networks achieving orders of magnitude improvements of area spectral efficiency compared to current technologies. The challenges that arise from moving from a static point-to-point visible light link to a LiFi network that is capable of serving hundreds of mobile and fixed nodes will be discussed. We will also discuss the benefits of optical intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs). Finally, an overview of recent standardization activities will be provided given that a new LiFi standard, IEEE 802.11bb, is expected to be fully ratified by the end of 2022. Lastly, we will discuss commercialization challenges of this disruptive technology and provide results of pilot studies.
Please note that this is a recording of a course originally delivered on 25 May 2022. A certificate of completion or CEU certificate is not provided for viewing the recording of the course.
Female talents with technical background are now rising in the business world. Why is a background in STEM important for shaping female business leaders? In this session we will discuss how STEM training helps to develop leaders (women and men) that bring business innovation and success.
The Spotlights Session on “The Long Journey through PhD to Research and Academia” will feature speakers with experience from Industry & Academia. The Session will mainly focus on the topics that are important for Young Professionals such as Research, Startups and Innovation, Standardization and Fundin
5G rollouts have stimulated new demand that cannot be met by 5G itself. That's where 5G-Advanced comes into play, delivering enhanced capabilities. Without a doubt, 5G-Advanced will further stimulate more new demands that only 6G can address. Looking into these new demands will be crucial to defining 6G. ITU-R is leading the consortium effort to study future technology trend (FTT) and 6G vision, aiming to issue the FTT report and vision recommendation by the end of 2022 and in the middle of 2023, respectively. 6G will go far beyond communications. 6G will serve as a distributed neural network that provides communication links to fuse the physical, cyber, and biological worlds, truly ushering in an era in which everything will be sensed, connected, and intelligent. In addition to connected people and things, we predict that 6G will be the platform for connected intelligence, where the mobile network connects vast amounts of intelligent devices and connects them intelligently. This talk will first start with 5G-advanced as an introduction, then present an overall vision for 6G with drivers, use cases, KPIs, roadmap and key capabilities. Six key capabilities: (1) Extreme connectivity, (2) Native AI, (3) Networked sensing, (4) Integrated Non-terrestrial network, (5) Native trustworthiness and (6) Sustainability, will be further discussed, including potential technologies/research directions and associated challenges.
Exploiting the frequency ranges above 6 GHz has become a hallmark of modern wireless systems. The use of 20-100 GHz spectrum was a key characteristic of 5G systems, and the 100-500 GHz frequency range will be an important component in 6G. This talk will first discuss the characteristics of wireless propagation channels in those frequency bands, reviewing the fundamentals, and then discussing our recent measurement results in outdoor environments, including ones in the larger than 100 GHz frequency range that show feasibility of high-rate data links at distances up to 100 m in both line-of-sight and many non-line-of-sight situations; yet at the same time these measurements also indicate that many common assumptions about such high-frequency channels, e.g., with respect to sparsity, might not hold under all circumstances. Based on the discussions of the channels, the talk will then investigate single- and multi-user capacity, signaling methods and transceiver structures that are especially suitable for ultra-high data rates at these high frequency bands.
Spectrum regulation challenges grow for both unlicensed (e.g., Wi-Fi) and licensed (e.g., cellular) opportunities, particularly those created by 10's to 100's of billions of connected, communicating devices. Dynamic, cognitive solutions just begin to find field use and initiate the inevitable march towards increasingly artificially intelligent allocation of spectra and space. This talk reviews some multiuser fundamentals, their complexity of solution, and how they may find future application to magnify spectral efficiency by orders of magnitude.
Owing to the 5G age, the mm-Wave technologies and applications are getting more and more important and popular. Obviously, radiations of mm-Wave are quite crucial to the mm-Wave wireless communication performance. However, the mm-Wave radiation technologies and solutions are significantly different from those for the conventional FR1 (non-mm-Wave) cellular bands. Therefore, this industry panel will mainly focus on the 5G mm-Wave radiation technologies and solutions, including antenna designs, beamforming-system designs, and OTA (over-the-air) chamber designs, to discuss, share and complement the technological understanding of and information updates on the latest studies, emerging development, and commercialized progress from the industry perspectives. Through this industry panel, the new inspiration and scope expansion for the researchers and designers from the Comm. and related communities hence can be achieved to facilitate and benefit their future studies or the product developments. Thus, all interested audience are cordially welcome to enjoy this industry panel.
The recent advancement of robotics technology would bring new business opportunities in telecommunication market, especially in the context of Service-Oriented Robots (or Service Robots) staying with and/or working for human customers, which are different from industrial robots in the application goal, target interaction points, target customers/business and technology readiness. The technology and business aspects of Service Robots are interesting discussion topics for interdisciplinary and cross-industry collaborations, such as connected robots (robotics and communications technology) and autonomous robots (state-of-art communications technology and data science-based technology for realtime decision making/support). On the other hand, there is a growing demand in consumer electronics segments that expects a great deal of roles that Service Robots should play in order to improve the quality of assisting human user’s daily behaviors for, such as shopping, traveling and more to come upon us resulting from smart-living innovations. The applications of Service Robots are gaining more interests amid COVID-19 where people have a reduced degree of physical involvement with learning, shopping and other activities they want to do for their daily lives. The technical issues of this panel will cover a Wireless Network of Service Robots with the focus on the roles of wireless communications technology for the reliable support of Service Robots: From Industrial Robots to Service Robots Technology review for a network of Service Robot to stay with human as an assistant in living Public Safety Aspects Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Aspects: Industry collaboration update, 3GPP UAV standardization update, 5G enablers for UAVs including indoor flights, and applications, use cases and technology enablers related to Service Robots Autonomic networking/communications for the support of multiple robots: Aspects on communication layer support of timely or preventive reconfiguration/management of robot-initiated communication path among multiple robots that can help reduce service disruptions (e.g. due to breakdown/functional failure or precursory indications): Efficient distribution of operation-related information (e.g., task status information) among participating robots (in cloud-/networked-/standalone operation of robots).
One of the main reasons attributed to the digital divide is the business cost and return on investment (RoI). In poorer or lower population density regions, the cost of deployment of optical fiber in the backbone network and related infrastructure, in particular a reliable electrical power grid, becomes prohibitively large, whereas the RoI remains marginal at best. In this scenario, a viable solution to cut down on the cost factor is to deploy satellites in the backbone network in order to provide connectivity to far-flung or less populated areas, to passengers in airplanes, ships, and trains, or to disconnected people in areas affected by natural disasters. More specifically, a constellation of satellites can provide worldwide coverage if a sufficient number of those are utilized. For instance, in recent years, different constellations of satellites have been proposed to provide global broadband access to Internet which includes the Starlink supported by SpaceX with 12000 LEO satellites, Amazon’s Project Kuiper with 3236 LEO satellites , and Telesat LEO with 300 to 500 satellites. Such a large number of satellites has allowed mass production of components, thereby resulting in a significant reduction in satellite manufacturing costs. Alternatively, if a large footprint on the remote location is not required, a high altitude platform (HAP) or a swarm/cascade of HAP’s or balloons/helikites can be used in the backbone network in the sky. The service model envisaged in this regard comprises of two configurations. In the first arrangement, a single HAP functions in a “tower-in-the-air” configuration whereby it relays data obtained from the ground station (uplink) to various service delivery stations (such as base stations) in the downlink. In the second configuration, a swarm/cascade of HAP’s is used as both relay nodes and service delivery devices for the local users. The same configuration can also be used in conjunction with LEO or MEO satellites if the area to be covered is significantly large. In this context, this panel aims to go over the recently proposed integrated space-air-terrestrial network solutions to provide high-speed connectivity not only in under-covered/remote/rural areas but also to moving cells in the air (airplanes) and the sea (cruises/ships).